Mitochondrial Dysfunction Impairs β-Cell Maturation and Function in Diabetes
A study published in Science by researchers at the University of Michigan demonstrates that mitochondrial dysfunction triggers a stress response that alters the identity and function of β-cells, contributing to type 2 diabetes.
“We wanted to determine which pathways are important for maintaining proper mitochondrial function,” said Emily M. Walker, Ph.D., a research assistant professor of internal medicine and first author of the study. To do so, the team damaged three essential mitochondrial components: their DNA, a pathway used to eliminate damaged mitochondria, and another that maintains a healthy mitochondrial pool.
“In all three cases, the exact same stress response was turned on, which caused β-cells to become immature, stop making enough insulin, and essentially stop being β-cells,” Walker explained. “Our results demonstrate that the mitochondria can send signals to the nucleus and change the fate of the cell.” The researchers also confirmed their findings in human pancreatic islet cells, reinforcing the relevance of their discoveries.
Expanding their research, the scientists observed the same stress response in liver and fat-storing cells, suggesting a broader impact of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes. Importantly, they found that blocking this stress response with the drug ISRIB restored β-cell function in mice, offering a potential therapeutic strategy to reverse diabetes at its root cause.
Image Credit: Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction could cure diabetes / Getty Images
Exploiting Mitochondrial Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Glioblastoma: Therapeutic Potential of Mubritinib
Glioblastoma remains one of the most treatment-resistant and lethal cancers, driven in part by a subset of self-renewing brain tumour stem cells (BTSCs) that contribute to therapy resistance and relapse. In a recent study, Ahmad Sharanek and his team from the University of Bordeaux and INSERM investigated the therapeutic potential of mubritinib in targeting BTSCs and glioblastoma progression by disrupting mitochondrial function.
The study demonstrated that mubritinib effectively impairs BTSC stemness and growth by targeting complex I of the electron transport chain. This disruption impairs self-renewal and proliferation, leading to a significant impact on glioblastoma progression. Gene expression profiling and Western blot analysis further revealed that mubritinib affects the AMPK/p27Kip1 pathway, resulting in cell-cycle impairment.
Importantly, pharmacokinetic assays confirmed that mubritinib crosses the blood-brain barrier, making it a viable candidate for glioblastoma therapy. Using preclinical patient-derived and syngeneic models, researchers observed that mubritinib delays tumour progression and extends survival. When combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy, mubritinib provided an additional survival advantage.
A crucial finding was that mubritinib alleviates tumour hypoxia, enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA damage, and apoptosis when combined with radiotherapy. Toxicological and behavioural studies confirmed that mubritinib is well tolerated and spares normal cells, further supporting its potential as a therapeutic candidate.
This study highlights the promising therapeutic role of mubritinib in glioblastoma treatment by targeting mitochondrial respiration. By impairing mitochondrial function, mubritinib suppresses glioblastoma stem cells and tumour growth, while combination therapy with current standard treatments provides further therapeutic benefits. Given its well-tolerated profile and ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, mubritinib warrants further clinical exploration for glioblastoma therapy.
Image Credits: Burban et al. EMBO Molecular Medicine (2025)
How Brain Cell Powerhouses Shape Our Memories: New Research Breakthrough
Scientists at Virginia Tech have made a fascinating discovery about how our brain cells manage energy during memory formation. Their research, published in Scientific Reports, reveals a crucial link between cellular powerhouses (mitochondria) and our ability to form memories, particularly those involving social interactions.
The Discovery
At the heart of this research is a tiny but mighty protein called MCU (mitochondrial calcium uniporter), which acts like a gatekeeper controlling calcium flow into mitochondria. The research team found this protein is especially abundant in the CA2 region of the hippocampus – our brain's social memory center.
What They Found
When researchers removed the MCU protein from brain cells, they observed several significant changes:
- Brain cells lost their ability to strengthen connections with each other
- Mitochondria became smaller and fragmented
- Memory-forming structures (dendritic spines) decreased in size
These changes essentially disrupted the brain's ability to form new memories effectively, highlighting just how important proper energy management is for brain function.
Why It Matters
This research is particularly exciting because it could help us better understand and potentially treat various memory-related conditions, including:
- Alzheimer's disease
- Autism spectrum disorders
- Schizophrenia
- Depression
- Bipolar disorder
Looking Forward
"Understanding how brain cells manage their energy needs during memory formation opens up new possibilities for treating memory disorders," explains Dr. Shannon Farris, the study's senior author. The team suggests that maintaining healthy mitochondrial function could be key to preserving memory and social behavior.
This groundbreaking research provides a new direction for developing treatments that target cellular energy systems, potentially offering hope to millions affected by memory-related disorders.
@ Image - Article: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-85958-4
Mitochondria: The Key to Stem Cell Longevity and Anti-Aging Strategies
Mitochondria are at the heart of stem cell aging, influencing energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and cellular fate. As mitochondrial dysfunction accumulates with age, stem cells lose their regenerative potential, leading to tissue degeneration and age-related diseases. Cellular senescence is driven by increased ROS production, epigenetic modifications, and impaired mitophagy.
This review highlights innovative therapeutic strategies to counteract mitochondrial dysfunction, including antioxidants (MitoQ, nicotinamide riboside), mitochondrial biogenesis enhancers (AICAR, rapamycin), and mitophagy activators (Urolithin A, melatonin). Mitochondrial transfer from stem cells also emerges as a promising approach to restore function in aged tissues.
Targeting mitochondrial health represents a cutting-edge strategy to delay stem cell senescence and unlock new possibilities for regenerative medicine and longevity.
We remind you that we have a workshop dedicated to mitochondria transplantation during Targeting Mitochondria 2025 in Berlin. This hot topic will also be discussed during the 2nd World Congress on Targeting Longevity, where leading experts will explore the latest breakthroughs in mitochondrial research and anti-aging therapies.
For more details, read the full article here.
Mitochondria as a Reservoir of NAD⁺: Regulating Cellular Energy and Metabolic Stability
The mitochondrial NAD+ pool is regulated by SLC25A51 and is diminished in PARP1cd cell lines, irrespective of PARP1cd location
A paper published in Nature Metabolism by researchers from the University of Bergen (Norway) explored how cells manage their energy currency, specifically focusing on a molecule called NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). NAD⁺ is essential for various cellular processes, including energy production and DNA repair.
Interconnected NAD⁺ Pools
The study reveals that different compartments within a cell, such as the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria, share and balance their NAD⁺ levels. This interconnectedness ensures that if one area experiences a decrease in NAD⁺, others can compensate to maintain overall cellular function.
Mitochondrial Role as a Buffer
Mitochondria, known as the cell’s powerhouses, play a crucial role in regulating NAD⁺ levels. They act as a buffer, adjusting their NAD⁺ content to stabilize the molecule’s availability throughout the cell, especially when there’s increased consumption elsewhere.
Implications for Cellular Health
Understanding this balancing act is vital because disruptions in NAD⁺ levels are linked to aging and various diseases. Insights from this research could inform strategies to maintain or restore NAD⁺ balance, potentially leading to therapeutic approaches for age-related conditions and metabolic disorders.
In summary, the study highlights the dynamic and interconnected nature of NAD⁺ distribution within cells, emphasizing the mitochondria’s pivotal role in maintaining cellular energy balance and overall health.
© Image: Høyland, L.E., VanLinden, M.R., Niere, M. et al. Subcellular NAD+ pools are interconnected and buffered by mitochondrial NAD+. Nat Metab 6, 2319–2337 (2024).
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