Mitochondria Transplantation Between Living Cells
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- Published on 06 April 2022
Time-lapse image series of a single transplanted mitochondrion
News Release, World Mitochondria Society, Berlin - Germany – April 6, 2022
Mitochondria and the complex endomembrane system are hallmarks of eukaryotic cells. To date, it has been difficult to manipulate organelle structures within single live cells.
Gäbelein et al, developed a FluidFM-based approach to extract, inject, and transplant organelles from and into living cells with subcellular spatial resolution. The technology combines atomic force microscopy, optical microscopy, and nanofluidics to achieve force and volume control with real-time inspection.
They developed dedicated probes that allow minimally invasive entry into cells and optimized fluid flow to extract specific organelles. When extracting single or a defined number of mitochondria, their morphology transforms into a pearls-on-a-string phenotype due to locally applied fluidic forces. They show that the induced transition is calcium independent and results in isolated, intact mitochondria.
Upon cell-to-cell transplantation, the transferred mitochondria fuse to the host cells mitochondrial network. Transplantation of healthy and drug-impaired mitochondria into primary keratinocytes allowed monitoring of mitochondrial subpopulation rescue. Fusion with the mitochondrial network of recipient cells occurred 20 minutes after transplantation and continued for over 16 hours. After transfer of mitochondria and cell propagation over generations, donor mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was replicated in recipient cells without the need for selection pressure.
The approach opens new prospects for the study of organelle physiology and homeostasis, but also for therapy, mechanobiology, and synthetic biology.
In Targeting Mitochondria 2022, a whole session will be focused on Mitochondria Transplantation and Transfer. Professional speakers like Dr. James McCully will be sharing their most recent work in this field of study.
Remember that you too can share your recent reasearch on this topic by submitting your abstract.
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Targeting Mitochondria 2022 Congress
October 26-28, 2022 - Berlin, Germany
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Mitochondria Derived “Mitovesicles” in Down Syndrome
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- Published on 29 March 2022
News Release, World Mitochondria Society, Berlin - Germany – March 29, 2022
Mitochondrial dysfunction is an established hallmark of aging and neurodegenerative disorders such as Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Using a high-resolution density gradient separation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from murine and human DS and diploid control brains, D'acunzo et al, were able to identify and characterize a previously unknown population of double-membraned EVs containing multiple mitochondrial proteins distinct from previously described EV subtypes, including microvesicles and exosomes.
Representative photomicrographs of brain EVs imaged by either cryoEM or TEM (insets with red borders)
They termed these newly identified mitochondria-derived EVs “mitovesicles”.
They demonstrated that brain-derived mitovesicles contain a specific subset of mitochondrial constituents and that their levels and cargo are altered during pathophysiological processes where mitochondrial dysfunction occurs, including in DS.
Thus, the brain cells constitutively secrete mitochondrial vesicles and this pathway is altered under conditions in which mitochondrial dysfunction occurs, providing new insights into heterogeneous EV biology and its relationship with mitochondrial dynamics.
This brilliant discovery opens the door to future development of a method for the selective isolation of mitovesicles paves the way for the characterization in vivo of biological processes connecting EV biology and mitochondria dynamics and for innovative therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.
Targeting Mitochondria 2022 will specialize a whole session entitled “Extracellular Vesicles & Mitochondria: The Target”. Professional speakers like Dr. Ines Khadimallah and Dr. Marc Germain will be sharing with you their experties in this field on October. Join us and remember you still have timw to benefit from the early bird offer.
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Targeting Mitochondria 2022 Congress
October 26-28, 2022 - Berlin, Germany
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Delivery of Mitochondria via Extracellular Vesicles: A New Horizon in Drug Delivery
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- Published on 23 March 2022
News Release, World Mitochondria Society, Berlin - Germany – March 23, 2022
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been well reported to mediate intercellular communication and carry a rich cocktail of innate cargo including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
Keeping in mind, the field of drug delivery has made tremendous advances in increasing the therapeutic potential of a variety of drug candidates spanning from small molecules to large molecular biologics such as nucleic acids, proteins, etc. EVs are a promising class of natural, cell-derived carriers for drug delivery.
EVs of particle diameters <200 nm are referred to as small EVs (sEVs) and medium-to-larger particles of diameters >200 nm are referred to as m/lEVs. The m/lEVs naturally incorporate mitochondria during their biogenesis.
It has been established that mitochondrial damage and dysfunction play a causal role in multiple pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases—suggesting that m/lEV-mediated mitochondria delivery can be of broad biomedical significance.
In this brilliant review, Dr. Devika S.Manickam discusses the potential of m/lEVs as carriers for the delivery of healthy and functional mitochondria.
She states that a major advantage of harnessing m/lEVs is that the delivered mitochondria are capable of using endogenous mechanisms for repairing the cellular damage. She also highlights the delivery potential of m/lEVs based on the studies that have been conducted so far, and discusses unaddressed issues towards their development as a novel class of mitochondria carriers.
Dr. Manickam will be joining us in Targeting Mitochondria 2022 to give her talk within the "Extracellular Vesicles & Mitochondria: The Target" session. Register now for a chance to benefit from the exprience of professional speakers in this field.
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Targeting Mitochondria 2022 Congress
October 26-28, 2022 - Berlin, Germany
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Cell Growth & Mitochondrial Function: Where Music Stands
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- Published on 25 March 2022
News Release, World Mitochondria Society, Berlin - Germany – March 25, 2022
Mitochondria are considered a portal to receive, process and integrate external energy and information to maintain cellular homeostasis. Previous studies demonstrated that mitochondrial function and antioxidant capacity of in-vitro cultured mammalian cells is modified by different energetic stimuli including electromagnetic energy, acoustic energy, external Qi and subtle energy emitted by written texts in relatively short time frames. Thus, individual cells can act as a rapid and sensitive biological sensor and act as a platform to evaluate and understand the subtle effect of different biophysical stimuli.
Regarding acoustic energy, several different types of music have been reported to produce beneficial effects on human health. Feng et al, compared eastern and western music styles on cell function at the biochemical level to understand the underlying mechanisms involved.
They compared the effects of Chinese five-element music with two types of western music (heavy-metal and classical) on mitochondrial function, oxidative capacity and growth using human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T cells).
Exposing cells to five-element music produced several beneficial physiological effects including:
- Increases in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by 17%, glutathione (GSH) by 21% and cell growth rates by 14%
- Significant reduction in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 13%.
The group treated with classical music:
- There was only a trend toward increased GSH (8%), although the increased growth rates (14%) did reach significance.
Cells treated with heavy-metal music responded oppositely:
- Significant 16% increase in ROS
- Significant 11% reduction in cell viability
This study revealed dramatically different effects of different styles of music on specific biochemical measures in cultured human cells. It helped explain the underlying biochemical mechanisms of the effects of the different types of music.
Targeting Mitochondria 2022 will introduce to the most recent discoveries on mitochondria. Join us this October and be up to date with all the new research in this field.
© Image - GarryKillian, freepik
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Targeting Mitochondria 2022 Congress
October 26-28, 2022 - Berlin, Germany
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Pleiotropic Effects of Mitochondria in Aging
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- Published on 22 March 2022
News Release, World Mitochondria Society, Berlin - Germany – March 22, 2022
The mitochondrial stress-response (MSR) network contributes to the reconstitution of cellular homeostasis by preventing mitochondrial proteotoxicity and by redistributing and removing irreversibly damaged elements of the mitochondria. Recently, scientists have gained considerable insights into why a decline in the robustness of these MSR pathways contributes to cellular damage and organismal deterioration.
This study by Lima et al., published in nature aging, described the pleiotropic effects of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging.
Pleiotropic effects of mitochondria in aging
They outlined the major mitochondrial stress pathways, how their failure is interconnected with the expansion of mitochondrial DNA mutations and deregulated metabolism, and how this affects cellular and organismal homeostasis.
They furthermore provided an integrated map of how combined mitochondrial defects impact several features of aging, suggesting conserved links that could potentially be harnessed to slow the aging process. They described recent evidence arguing that defects in these conserved adaptive pathways contribute to aging and age-related diseases. Signaling pathways regulating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, mitochondrial membrane dynamics, and mitophagy are discussed, emphasizing how their failure contributes to heteroplasmy and de-regulation of key metabolites.
The current understanding of how these processes are controlled and interconnected explains how mitochondria can widely impact fundamental aspects of aging.
Targeting Mitochondria 2022 will dedicate w whole session to Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions and their Effect on Longevity and Health. Professional speakers like Dr. Raghavan Pillai Raju will discuss the role of mitochondria in aging.
Don't miss out and register now.
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World Mitochondria Society
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+33-1-5504-7755
Targeting Mitochondria 2022 Congress
October 26-28, 2022 - Berlin, Germany
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